I-Hydrogen, njengesithwali samandla esihlanzekile nesiguquguqukayo, isithole ukunakwa okukhulu njengoba umhlaba ufuna ukuguqukela emithonjeni yamandla esimeme kakhudlwana. Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ekusebenziseni amandla e-hydrogen yindlela yokukhiqiza. Kukhona ezininganaizinhlobo zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogenizinqubo, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nezinselele ezihlukile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen futhi sihlole izici zabo.

1. I-Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

I-steam methane reforming iyindlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, ibalwa cishe ngama-95% okunikezwa kwe-hydrogen emhlabeni jikelele. Le nqubo ihilela ukusabela kwegesi yemvelo ngesitimu esinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen ne-carbon monoxide. Ingxube ewumphumela ibe isicutshungulwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kutholwe i-hydrogen emsulwa. I-SMR ithandwa ngokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuyona inqubo ye-carbon-neutral, njengoba iphumela ekukhululweni kwe-carbon dioxide.

2. Electrolysis

I-Electrolysis iyinqubo esebenzisa ugesi ukuhlukanisa amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-electrolysis: i-alkaline electrolysis kanye ne-proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. I-alkaline electrolysis isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa futhi yaziwa ngokwethembeka kwayo, kuyilapho i-PEM electrolysis ithola amandla ngenxa yamandla ayo okusebenza kahle nokuvumelana nezimo. I-Electrolysis inganikwa amandla yimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, okuyenza ibe yimbangi eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen esimeme.

3. I-Biomas Gasification

I-biomass gasification ihilela ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo njengama-chips enkuni, izinsalela zezolimo, noma imfucuza ibe igesi yokuhlanganiswa (syngas) ngenqubo ye-thermochemical. Khona-ke ama-syngas angashintshwa ukuze akhiqize i-hydrogen. I-biomass gasification inikeza inzuzo yokusebenzisa udoti wezinto eziphilayo futhi ingaba negalelo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa lapho kulawulwa ngendlela eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ukutholakala kwe-feedstock kanye nezinselele zokuhlelwa.

4. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi Nge-Photobiological

Le ndlela entsha isebenzisa ama-microorganisms e-photosynthetic noma amagciwane akhiwe ukuze asebenzise ukukhanya kwelanga futhi aguqule amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Ngenkathi kusesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi nge-photobiological kunesithembiso sokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen esimeme futhi evuselelekayo. Ucwaningo kulo mkhakha lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokulinganisa kwenqubo ukuze ikwazi ukuhwebelana.

5. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi Kwe-Thermochemical

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi e-Thermochemical kuhilela ukusebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukudiliza amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Le ndlela ivame ukusebenzisa amandla elanga agxilile noma eminye imithombo yokushisa ukushayela inqubo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi e-Thermochemical kunamandla okuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo futhi kungasebenza ngokuqhubekayo, kuyenze ibe indawo yocwaningo olusebenzayo lokukhiqiza i-hydrogen esimeme.

6. Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-Hydrogen Yenuzi

Amandla enuzi angasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yezinga eliphezulu lokushisa noma izinqubo ze-thermochemical. Isitimu esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esikhiqizwe ama-reactors enuzi singasetshenziswa ku-steam electrolysis, kuyilapho ukushisa kwe-nuclear kungaqhuba ukuhlukana kwamanzi e-thermochemical. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-nuclear hydrogen kunikeza inzuzo yokuphehlwa kukagesi okungaguquki futhi okuthembekile ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa mayelana nokuphepha nokuphathwa kwemfucuza.

Sengiphetha, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen zinikeza uhla lwamathuba okuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo samandla ahlanzekile. Indlela ngayinye iveza isethi yayo yezinzuzo nezinselele, futhi ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungula kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezi zinqubo futhi kuthuthukiswe ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen esimeme ngezinga eliphezulu. Njengoba ukugxila emhlabeni wonke ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni kukhula, indima ye-hydrogen njengesici esiyinhloko sokushintsha amandla ahlanzekile izobonakala igqama kakhulu, iqhubekisele phambili intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen.