Igesi ye-ammonia yenziwa kanjani uketshezi?
1. Igesi ye-ammonia yenziwa kanjani uketshezi?
Ukucindezela okuphezulu: izinga lokushisa elibucayi leigesi ammoniaingu-132.4C, ngale kwegesi ye-ammonia yezinga lokushisa akulula ukuyincibilikisa. Kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephezulu, i-ammonia ingancibilika ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inqobo nje uma umfutho we-ammonia ungaphezu kuka-5.6MPa, ingancibilika ibe amanzi e-ammonia.
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi: Uma liqhathaniswa namanye amagesi, i-ammonia kulula ukuyikhipha. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa elibucayi le-ammonia liphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, igesi ye-ammonia yenziwa uketshezi kalula ekushiseni okuphansi. Ngomfutho ojwayelekile womkhathi, indawo yokubilisa ye-ammonia icishe ibe ngu-33.34°C, futhi kulokhu kushisa, i-ammonia isivele isesimweni soketshezi.
Emoyeni ekushiseni okuphezulu, ama-molecule e-ammonia ahlanganiswa kalula nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhe amanzi e-ammonia, okuyisisombululo segesi ye-ammonia ewuketshezi.
I-Volatility: Isakhiwo samangqamuzana egesi ye-ammonia ilula, amandla phakathi kwama-molecule abuthakathaka, futhi igesi ye-ammonia iguquguquka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwegesi kwehliswa ngokwanele, igesi ye-ammonia ingancibilika kalula.
2. Kungani i-ammonia ilula kunomoya?
I-Amoniya iminyene kancane kunomoya. Uma isisindo samangqamuzana egesi ethile saziwa, ngokwesisindo salo samangqamuzana alinganiselwe, ungakwazi ukwahlulela ukuminyana kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya. Isilinganiso sesisindo samangqamuzana omoya singama-29. Bala isisindo samangqamuzana aso esihlobene. Uma kukhulu kuno-29, ukuminyana kukhulu kunomoya, futhi uma kungaphansi kwama-29, ukuminyana kuncane kunomoya.
3. Kwenzekani lapho i-ammonia ishiywe emoyeni?
ukuqhuma kwenzeka.I-Amoniyaamanzi ayigesi engenambala enephunga elinamandla elicasulayo futhi ancibilika kalula emanzini. Ingase iqhume lapho umoya iqukethe 20% -25% ammonia. Amanzi e-ammonia yisisombululo esinamanzi se-ammonia. Umkhiqizo wezimboni uwuketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala olunephunga elinamandla nelibabayo elincisha umoya.
4. Ingakanani i-ammonia enobuthi emoyeni?
Uma ukugcwala kwe-ammonia emoyeni kungu-67.2mg/m³, i-nasopharynx izwa ukucasuka; lapho ukugxila kungu-175~300mg/m³, ikhala namehlo ngokusobala kuyacasuka, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kokuphefumula kuyashesha; lapho ukuhlushwa kufinyelela ku-350~700mg/m³, abasebenzi abakwazi ukusebenza; Uma ukugxilisa ingqondo kufinyelela ku-1750~4000mg/m³, kungaba yingozi empilweni.
5. Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-ammonia?
1. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo: I-ammonia iwumthombo obalulekile wenitrogen edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, engathuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo.
2. Ukwenziwa komanyolo wamakhemikhali: I-ammonia iyimpahla ebalulekile yokwenziwa komanyolo wenitrogen. Ngemuva kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali, ingenziwa emanzini ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate kanye nezinye izimanyolo.
3. Isiqandisi: I-ammonia inokusebenza okuhle kwesiqandisi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni iziqandisi, izinto zokuqandisa nezinye izinkambu.
4. Okokuhlanza: Igesi ye-ammonia ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ingilazi, indawo yensimbi, amakhishi, njll., futhi inemisebenzi yokukhipha ukungcola, ukukhipha iphunga, nokuvala inzalo.
6. Imboni yokukhiqiza i-ammonia ikhiqiza kanjani i-ammonia?
1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Amonia ngendlela ye-Haber:
I-N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) △rHθ=-92.4kJ/mol (izimo zokusabela ukushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, i-catalyst)
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia ngegesi yemvelo: igesi yemvelo iyasuswa kuqala, bese ishintsha okwesibili, bese ingena ezinqubweni ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-carbon monoxide nokususwa kwe-carbon dioxide, ukuze kutholwe ingxube ye-nitrogen-hydrogen, esaqukethe cishe u-0.1% kuya ku-0.3% ye-carbon monoxide ne-carbon dioxide (ivolumu), ngemva kokususwa nge-methanation, igesi ehlanzekile ene-hydrogen-to-nitrogen molar ratio ye-3 itholakala, ecindezelwa yi-compressor futhi ingena kumjikelezo we-ammonia synthesis ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo we-ammonia. . Inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-naphtha njengempahla eluhlaza iyafana nale nqubo.
3. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia kumafutha asindayo: Uwoyela omkhulu uhlanganisa uwoyela oyinsalela otholakala ezinqubweni ezithuthukisiwe ezihlukahlukene, futhi indlela ye-oxidation eyingxenye ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza igesi yokwenziwa ye-ammonia eluhlaza. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kunendlela yokuguqula isitimu segesi yemvelo, kodwa idivayisi yokuhlukanisa umoya iyadingeka. I-oksijini ekhiqizwa iyunithi yokuhlukanisa umoya isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwegesi kuwoyela osindayo, futhi i-nitrogen isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ye-ammonia synthesis.
4. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia ngamalahle (i-coke): i-gasification yamalahle eqondile (bheka i-gasification yamalahle) inezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-atmospheric pressure fixed bed intermittent gasification, i-pressurized oxygen-steam continuous gasification, njll. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kwenqubo ye-Haber-Bosch ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia, umoya nesitimu kwasetshenziswa njengama-ejenti afaka umoya ukuze kusabelane ne-coke ekucindezelweni okujwayelekile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe igesi enesilinganiso se-molar (CO+H2)/N2 sika-3.1 kuya ku-3.2, esibizwa nge-semi-water gas. Ngemuva kokuthi igesi e-semi-water igeziwe futhi ikhishwe, iya ekhabhinethi yegesi, futhi ngemva kokuguqulwa yi-carbon monoxide, futhi icindezelekile ekucindezelweni okuthile, igezwa ngamanzi acindezelwe ukukhipha i-carbon dioxide, bese icindezelwa nge-compressor. bese igezwa nge-cuproammonia ukuze ikhiphe inani elincane le-carbon monoxide ne-carbon dioxide. , bese ithunyelwa ku-ammonia synthesis.
ungakwazi ukuphuza i-liquid carbon dioxide?
