I-Hydrogen, njengesithwala samandla esicocekileyo nesiguquguqukayo, ifumene ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo njengoko ihlabathi lifuna ukutshintshela kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo. Enye yeengqwalasela eziphambili ekusebenziseni amandla e-hydrogen yindlela yokuvelisa. Kukho ezininziiintlobo zemveliso ye-hydrogeniinkqubo, nganye ineengenelo zayo ezizodwa kunye nemingeni. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-hydrogen kwaye sijonge kwiimpawu zabo.

1. Utshintsho lweMethane yomphunga (SMR)

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-steam methane yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen, ibalelwa malunga nama-95% obonelelo lwehydrogen yehlabathi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusabela kwirhasi yendalo enobushushu obuphezulu ukuvelisa ihydrogen kunye necarbon monoxide. Umxube ovelayo uphinda uqhutyelwe phambili ukufumana i-hydrogen ecocekileyo. I-SMR ithandwa ngokusebenza kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akusiyo inkqubo ye-carbon-neutral, njengoko iphumela ekukhululweni kwe-carbon dioxide.

2. Electrolysis

I-Electrolysis yinkqubo esebenzisa umbane ukwahlula amanzi abe yihydrogen kunye neoksijini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-electrolysis: i-alkaline electrolysis kunye ne-proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. I-alkaline electrolysis isetyenziswe amashumi eminyaka kwaye iyaziwa ngokuthembeka kwayo, ngelixa i-PEM i-electrolysis ifumana i-traction ngenxa yobuchule bayo bokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. I-Electrolysis inokuthi inikwe amandla yimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, okwenza kube yinto ephikisanayo kwimveliso ye-hydrogen ezinzileyo.

3. I-Biomas Gasification

I-biomass gasification ibandakanya ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo ezifana neetshiphusi zomthi, iintsalela zezolimo, okanye inkunkuma ibe yigesi edibeneyo (syngas) ngenkqubo ye-thermochemical. I-syngas inokuguqulwa emva koko ivelise i-hydrogen. I-biomass gasification ibonelela ngoncedo lokusebenzisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kwaye inokuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse xa ilawulwa ngokuzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna uqwalaselo ngononophelo lokufumaneka kwe-feedstock kunye nemingeni yolungiselelo.

4. Ukwahlulwa kwaManzi nge-Photobiological

Le ndlela intsha isebenzisa iintsholongwane zephotosynthetic okanye iibhaktheriya eziyinjineli ukuze zisebenzise ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokuguqula amanzi abe yihydrogen kunye neoksijini. Ngelixa kukwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, ukwahlulwa kwamanzi okufotobhayoloji kubambe isithembiso sokugcinwa nokuhlaziywa kwemveliso ye-hydrogen. Uphando kule nkalo lujolise ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandiswa kwenkqubo ukuze ikwazi ukuthengisa.

5. I-Thermochemical Water Splitting

Ukwahlulahlula kwamanzi e-Thermochemical kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukwaphula amanzi abe yihydrogen kunye neoksijini ngothotho lweekhemikhali. Le ndlela ihlala isebenzisa amandla elanga agxininisiweyo okanye eminye imithombo yobushushu ukuqhuba inkqubo. Ukwahlula kwamanzi e-Thermochemical kunamandla okudibanisa kunye neenkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo kwaye zinokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, okwenza kube yindawo yophando olusebenzayo kwimveliso ye-hydrogen ezinzileyo.

6. IMveliso yeHydrojeni yeNyukliya

Amandla enyukliya angabotshelelwa ukuvelisa i-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yobushushu obuphezulu okanye iinkqubo ze-thermochemical. Umphunga wobushushu obuphezulu oveliswa ziireactors zenyukliya ungasetyenziswa kwi-steam electrolysis, ngeli lixa ubushushu benyukliya bunokuqhuba ukucandeka kwamanzi e-thermochemical. Imveliso yehydrogen yenyukliya inika inzuzo yokuvelisa amandla angaguqukiyo ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kodwa ikwaphakamisa iingqwalasela malunga nokhuseleko nolawulo lwenkunkuma.

Ukuqukumbela, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-hydrogen zinika uluhlu lwamathuba okuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yamandla acocekileyo. Indlela nganye ibonisa iingenelo kunye nemingeni yayo, kwaye uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ezi nkqubo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwimveliso ye-hydrogen ezinzileyo kwinqanaba. Njengoko ugxininiso lwehlabathi kwi-decarbonization luqina, indima ye-hydrogen njengowona mthombo uphambili wotshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo isetelwe ukuba ivelele ngakumbi, iqhube uphuhliso olongezelelweyo kubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa i-hydrogen.