Irhasi yeammonia yenziwa njani inyibilikisiwe?
1. Irhasi yeammonia yenziwa njani inyibilikisiwe?
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu: ubushushu obubalulekileyo beigesi ammoniayi-132.4C, ngaphaya kobu bushushu begesi yeammonia akulula ukuyinyibilikisa. Kodwa phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-ammonia inokunyibilika nakwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kobushushu obubalulekileyo. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuba nje uxinzelelo lwe-ammonia lungaphezulu kwe-5.6MPa, inokunyibilikiswa kumanzi ammonia.
Ubushushu obuphantsi: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iigesi, iammonia kulula ukuyinyibilikisa. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili kukuba ubushushu obubalulekileyo be-ammonia buphantsi. Ke ngoko, igesi ye-ammonia inyibilika ngokulula kubushushu obuphantsi. Kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, indawo yokubilisa ye-ammonia malunga ne-33.34 ° C, kwaye ngeli qondo lokushisa, i-ammonia sele ikwimeko yolwelo.
Emoyeni kubushushu obuphezulu, iimolekyuli ze-ammonia zidityaniswa lula kunye neamolekyu zamanzi ukwenza amanzi e-ammonia, isisombululo segesi ye-ammonia engamanzi.
I-Volatility: Isakhiwo semolekyuli yegesi ye-ammonia ilula, amandla phakathi kweeamolekyuli abuthathaka, kwaye igesi ye-ammonia iguquguquka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, nje ukuba ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi luthotywe ngokwaneleyo, igesi ye-ammonia inokunyibilika ngokulula.
2. Kutheni i-ammonia ilula kunomoya?
I-ammonia ixinene kancinci kunomoya. Ukuba ubunzima bemolekyuli yegesi ethile buyaziwa, ngokobunzima bayo bemolekyuli, unokuwujonga ubuninzi bayo xa uthelekisa nomoya. Umyinge wobunzima bemolekyuli yomoya ngama-29. Bala ubunzima bayo bemolekyuli. Ukuba kukhulu kunama-29, uxinaniso likhulu kunomoya, kwaye ukuba lungaphantsi kwama-29, uxinano luncinci kunomoya.
3. Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-ammonia ishiywe emoyeni?
ukudubula kwenzeka.I-Amoniyaamanzi yirhasi engenambala enevumba elibi elicaphukisayo kwaye anyibilika lula emanzini. Inokudubula xa umoya uqulethe i-20% -25% ye-ammonia. Amanzi e-ammonia sisisombululo samanzi se-ammonia. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso ilulwelo olungenambala noluselubala olunevumba elinamandla nelinobuqhopholo lokufunxa.
4. Ingakanani i-ammonia eyityhefu emoyeni?
Xa ubuninzi be-ammonia emoyeni bungama-67.2mg/m³, i-nasopharynx ivakalelwa kukuba iyacaphuka; xa ugxininiso luyi-175 ~ 300mg/m³, impumlo namehlo ngokucacileyo ayacaphuka, kwaye nesantya sokuphefumla sentliziyo siyakhawuleza; xa ugxininiso lufikelela kuma-350 ~ 700mg/m³, abasebenzi abanakusebenza; Xa ugxininiso lufikelela ku-1750 ~ 4000mg/m³, lunokubeka ubomi esichengeni.
5. Zeziphi ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi yeammonia?
1. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo: Iammonia ngumthombo obalulekileyo wenitrogen efunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo, enokuthi iphucule ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo.
2. Ukwenziwa kwezichumiso zemichiza: Iammonia sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa kwezichumiso zenitrogen. Emva kokuphendulwa kweekhemikhali, inokwenziwa ngamanzi ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate kunye nezinye izichumisi.
3. Isikhenkcezisi: I-ammonia inokusebenza kakuhle kwefriji kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iifriji, izixhobo zokukhenkceza kunye nezinye iindawo.
4. Isicoci: Irhasi ye-ammonia ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca iglasi, umphezulu wesinyithi, amakhitshi, njl.
6. Imveliso yeammonia ivelisa njani iammonia?
1. Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia ngendlela yeHaber:
N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) △rHθ=-92.4kJ/mol (iimeko zokusabela bubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-catalyst)
2. Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia kwigesi yendalo: igesi yendalo i-desulfurized kuqala, emva koko iguqulelwe okwesibini, kwaye emva koko iqhube iinkqubo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-carbon monoxide kunye nokususwa kwe-carbon dioxide, ukufumana umxube we-nitrogen-hydrogen, equlethe malunga ne-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.3% i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide (umthamo), emva kokuba isuswe yi-methanation, igesi ecocekileyo ene-hydrogen-to-nitrogen molar ratio ye-3 ifunyenwe, ixinzelelwe yi-compressor kwaye ingene kwisekethe ye-ammonia synthesis ukufumana imveliso ye-ammonia. . Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-ammonia yokwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-naphtha njengento ekrwada iyafana nale nkqubo.
3. Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia kwioli enzima: Ioli enzima iquka i-oyile eseleyo efunyenwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili, kunye nendlela ye-oxidation engaphelelanga ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa igesi ye-synthetic ammonia ekrwada. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula kunendlela yokuguqula umphunga wegesi yendalo, kodwa isixhobo sokwahlula umoya siyafuneka. I-oksijini eveliswa yiyunithi yokwahlula umoya isetyenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-gasification yeoli enzima, kwaye i-nitrogen isetyenziswa njengento ekrwada ye-ammonia synthesis.
4. Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia kumalahle (i-coke): i-gasification yamalahle ngokuthe ngqo (jonga i-gasification yamalahle) ineendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ibhedi ehleliweyo ye-gasification, i-oxygen-steam eqhubekayo ye-gasification, njl. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuqala ye-Haber-Bosch i-ammonia synthesis, umoya kunye ne-steam zisetyenziswe njenge-gasification agents ukuze ziphendule nge-coke kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ukuvelisa igesi kunye nomlinganiselo we-molar we (CO + H2) / N2 ye-3.1 ukuya kwi-3.2, ebizwa ngokuba yi-semi-water gas. Emva kokuba i-semi-water gas ihlanjwe kwaye igxothwe, iya kwikhabhinethi yegesi, kwaye emva kokuba iguqulwe yi-carbon monoxide, kwaye ixinzelelwe kuxinzelelo oluthile, ihlanjwe ngamanzi axinzelelwe ukususa i-carbon dioxide, kwaye icinezelwe nge-compressor. kwaye emva koko ihlanjwe nge-cuproammonia ukususa inani elincinci le-carbon monoxide kunye ne-carbon dioxide. , kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe kwi-ammonia synthesis.
Ngaba unokusela i-carbon dioxide engamanzi?
