Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan nitric acid, waa isku-dar kiimiko oo aad u kala duwan oo wax ka beddelay warshado badan. Iyada oo leh hantideeda xoogga badan iyo codsiyo kala duwan, nitrate-ka dareeraha ah wuxuu noqday shay lagama maarmaan u ah habab badan oo warshadeed. Maqaalkan, waxaynu u daadagi doonaa dunidii dareeraha ah ee Nitrate-ka, anagoo sahamin doona adeegsigiisa badan, faa’iidooyinkiisa, iyo warshadaha ka faa’iidaystay inay kor u qaadaan wax soo saarkooda iyo adeegyadooda.

1. Waa maxay Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah?

Si aad u hesho koboc joogto ah, faa'iido leh, iyo koboc joogto ah adoo helaya faa'iido tartan leh, iyo adoo si joogto ah u kordhinaya qiimaha lagu daray saamilaydayada iyo shaqaalaheena.

Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah, oo cilmi ahaan loo yaqaan Nitric Acid (HNO3), waa dareere aan midab lahayn oo leh ur xooggan, ur daran. Waa walax aad u daxalaysa oo awood u leh inay ku milanto noocyo kala duwan oo walxo ah oo ka imanaya biraha ilaa xeryahooda dabiiciga ah ee kala duwan. Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah ayaa ugu horreyntii lagu soo saaraa habka Ostwald - hab ku lug leh oksaydhka ammonia.

2. Codsiyada warshadaha:

Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah wuxuu ka helaa codsiyo warshado badan oo kala duwan sababtoo ah sifooyinka kala duwan. Aynu sahamno qaar ka mid ah codsiyadooda muhiimka ah:

a) Warshadaha Kiimikada: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista bacriminta, dawooyinka, midabada, iyo walxaha qarxa. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah soo saarista xeryahooda nitro-ku-salaysan.

b) Warshadaha iyo Warshadaha Biraha: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ahi waxa uu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa soo saarista biraha sida birta iyo naxaasta. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa habka nadiifinta birta, xoqidda, iyo daaweynta dusha sare.

c) Warshadaha Semiconductor: Warshadaha semiconductor waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan yihiin nitrate-ka dareeraha ah si ay u nadiifiyaan waferrada silikoon, hubinta nadiifnimadooda iyo kor u qaadida hantidooda korantada.

d) Warshadaha baabuurta iyo hawada: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah waxa loo isticmaalaa soo saarida gantaalada, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka, iyo sida wakiilka oksaydhka ee qaybaha baabuurta iyo hawada.

e) Daaweynta Biyaha iyo Maareynta Qashinka: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah waxaa loo shaqeeyaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah iyo sida oksidizer kiimiko ah si looga saaro sunta iyo wasakhda.

3. Faa'iidooyinka Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah:

Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah wuxuu bixiyaa faa'iidooyin badan oo ka dhigaya doorashada la doorbido ee codsiyada kala duwan:

a) Sifooyinka Oxidaynta Xoogan: Nitrate-yada dareeraha ah ee awooda badan ayaa ka dhigaya qayb wax ku ool u ah falcelinta kiimikaad badan.

b) Wax-soo-saarka: Awoodda ay u leedahay inay ku milanto agabyo kala duwan waxay kor u qaadaysaa wax-soo-saarkeeda, taasoo u oggolaanaysa in loo adeegsado codsiyo kala duwan.

c) Hufnaanta Habaynta Biraha: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah waxa uu caawiyaa ka saarista wasakhda biraha waxana ay gacan ka geysataa soo saarista agabyo tayo sare leh.

d) Joogteynta Deegaanka: Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee saaxiibtinimo iyo hab-dhaqannada maaraynta qashinka, iyadoo la hubinayo deegaan ka nadiifsan oo ammaan ah.

4. Wax ka qabashada iyo taxaddarrada badbaadada:

Dabeecadeeda daxalaysa awgeed, maaraynta Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah waxay u baahan tahay taxadar iyo u hogaansanaan borotokoolka badbaadada. Qalabka ilaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed (PPE), oo ay ku jiraan galoofyada, muraayadaha indhaha, iyo jaakadaha shaybaadhka, waa in la xidho mar kasta marka lagu shaqaynayo nitrate dareere ah. Hababka kaydinta saxda ah iyo xakamaynta ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah ka hortagga shilalka iyo soo-gaadhista kiimikada.

Gabagabo:

Codsiyada kala duwan ee Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah iyo sifooyinka cajiibka ah ayaa ka dhigaya qayb muhiim ah warshado badan. Laga soo bilaabo wax soo saarka ilaa maaraynta qashinka, xalkan kiimikada ah ee xoogga leh wuxuu bixiyaa fursado aan dhammaad lahayn. Marka ay warshaduhu sii wadaan hal-abuurnimada, nitrate-ka dareeraha ah ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari doona horumarinta iyo abuurista mustaqbal waara. Qabsoon sixirka Nitrate-ka dareeraha ah oo fur awoodeeda warshadahaaga maanta.

Si loo fuliyo yoolkayaga "macmiilka ugu horreeya iyo faa'iidada wadaagga ah" ee iskaashiga, waxaan dhiseynaa koox injineernimo xirfad leh iyo kooxda iibka si ay u bixiyaan adeegga ugu fiican si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha macaamiisheena. Ku soo dhawoow inaad nala shaqeyso oo nagu soo biir. Waxaan nahay doorashadaada ugu fiican.