Hydrogen, nk'itwara ry'ingufu zisukuye kandi zitandukanye, yitabiriwe n'abantu benshi mu gihe isi ishaka kwerekeza ku masoko arambye y’ingufu. Kimwe mubitekerezo byingenzi mugukoresha ubushobozi bwa hydrogène nuburyo bwo gukora. Hariho byinshiubwoko bwa hydrogèneinzira, buriwese ufite ibyiza byihariye nibibazo. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora hydrogène no gucengera mubiranga.

1. Ivugurura rya Methane (SMR)

Ivugurura rya metani metani nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora hydrogène, bingana na 95% byogutanga hydrogène kwisi yose. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gukora gaze gasanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango habeho hydrogène na monoxide ya karubone. Ibivanze bivamo noneho biratunganywa kugirango ubone hydrogen nziza. SMR itoneshwa kubera imikorere yayo no gukoresha neza ikiguzi, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko atari inzira idafite aho ibogamiye, kuko bivamo irekurwa rya dioxyde de carbone.

2. Electrolysis

Electrolysis ninzira ikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango igabanye amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa electrolysis: electrolysis ya alkaline na proton yoguhindura membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Alkaline electrolysis imaze imyaka mirongo ikoreshwa kandi izwiho kwizerwa, mugihe PEM electrolysis igenda ikurura bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora neza no guhinduka. Electrolysis irashobora gukoreshwa ningufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bigatuma iba isoko nyamukuru yo kubyara hydrogène irambye.

3. Gazi ya Biomass

Gazi ya biyomasi ikubiyemo guhindura ibikoresho kama nkibiti byimbaho, ibisigazwa byubuhinzi, cyangwa imyanda muri gaze ya synthesis (syngas) binyuze mumashanyarazi. Syngas irashobora kuvugururwa kugirango itange hydrogen. Gazi ya biomass itanga inyungu zo gukoresha imyanda kama kandi irashobora kugira uruhare mukugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere iyo bikozwe neza. Ariko, birasaba gutekereza neza kuboneka kwamatungo hamwe nibibazo bya logistique.

4. Gutandukanya Amazi ya Photobiologiya

Ubu buryo bushya bukoresha mikorobe ya fotosintetike cyangwa bagiteri zikoreshejwe kugirango zikoreshe urumuri rwizuba kandi zihindure amazi hydrogene na ogisijeni. Mugihe bikiri mu ntangiriro yiterambere, kugabana amazi ya fotobiologiya bitanga amasezerano yumusaruro wa hydrogène urambye kandi ushobora kuvugururwa. Ubushakashatsi muriki gice bwibanze ku kuzamura imikorere nubunini bwibikorwa kugirango bikore neza mubucuruzi.

5. Gutandukanya Amazi ya Thermochemiki

Gutandukanya amazi ya Thermochemiki bikubiyemo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ugabanye amazi muri hydrogène na ogisijeni binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'imiti. Ubu buryo bukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba cyangwa ubundi bushyuhe bwo gutwara inzira. Igabana ry'amazi ya Thermochemiki rifite ubushobozi bwo guhuzwa na sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kandi irashobora gukora ubudahwema, bigatuma iba agace k’ubushakashatsi bugamije kubyara hydrogène irambye.

6. Umusaruro wa hydrogène wa kirimbuzi

Ingufu za kirimbuzi zishobora gukoreshwa kugirango zitange hydrogène binyuze mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa electrolysis cyangwa inzira ya thermochemiki. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butangwa na reaction ya kirimbuzi burashobora gukoreshwa muri electrolysis ya parike, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa kirimbuzi bushobora gutuma amazi ya termo-chimique agabanywa. Umusaruro wa hydrogène nuclaires utanga inyungu zo kubyara amashanyarazi adahoraho kandi yizewe nta byuka bihumanya ikirere, ariko kandi bitera gutekereza kubijyanye n'umutekano no gucunga imyanda.

Mu gusoza, uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora hydrogène butanga amahirwe atandukanye yo guhaza ingufu zikenewe zingufu zisukuye. Buri buryo bugaragaza inyungu zabwo hamwe n’ibibazo, kandi ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya ni ngombwa mu kunoza ibyo bikorwa no gutera imbere ku musaruro urambye wa hydrogène ku rugero. Mugihe isi yose yibanda kuri decarbonisiyasi igenda yiyongera, uruhare rwa hydrogène nkigikorwa cyingenzi cyoguhindura ingufu zisukuye rugiye kurushaho kwigaragaza, bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera mubikorwa bya tekinoroji ya hydrogène.