Hydrogen, monga chonyamulira mphamvu zoyera komanso zosunthika, yatenga chidwi kwambiri pomwe dziko likufuna kusintha kuti likhale ndi mphamvu zokhazikika. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya hydrogen ndi njira yopangira. Pali zingapomitundu ya kupanga haidrojeninjira, iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira haidrojeni ndikuwunika momwe zimakhalira.

1. Kusintha kwa Steam Methane (SMR)

Kusintha kwa mpweya wa methane ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira haidrojeni, yomwe imawerengera pafupifupi 95% yapadziko lonse lapansi ya haidrojeni. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu kwa gasi ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri kuti apange haidrojeni ndi carbon monoxide. The chifukwa osakaniza kenako kukonzedwanso kupeza koyera haidrojeni. SMR imayamikiridwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino komanso yotsika mtengo, koma ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti si njira ya carbon-neutral, chifukwa imayambitsa kutulutsa mpweya woipa.

2. Electrolysis

Electrolysis ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kugawa madzi kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya electrolysis: alkaline electrolysis ndi proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Electrolysis ya alkaline yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka makumi angapo ndipo imadziwika chifukwa chodalirika, pomwe electrolysis ya PEM ikukwera chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kochita bwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha. Electrolysis imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotsutsana kwambiri ndi kupanga kosatha kwa haidrojeni.

3. Mafuta a Biomass

Kuphatikizika kwa biomass kumaphatikizapo kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe monga tchipisi tamatabwa, zotsalira zaulimi, kapena zinyalala kukhala gasi wophatikizika (syngas) kudzera munjira ya thermochemical. Ma syngas amatha kusinthidwa kuti apange haidrojeni. Biomass gasification imapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za organic ndipo imatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kukayendetsedwa moyenera. Komabe, pamafunika kuganizira mozama za kupezeka kwa feedstock ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito.

4. Photobiological Madzi Kugawanika

Njira yatsopanoyi imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tigwiritse ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusintha madzi kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Pamene tidakali m'magawo oyambirira a chitukuko, kugawanika kwa madzi kwa photobiological kumakhala ndi lonjezo la kupanga hydrogen yokhazikika komanso yongowonjezwdwa. Kafukufuku m'gawoli amayang'ana kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso scalability kuti izi zitheke kuchita malonda.

5. Thermochemical Madzi Kugawanika

Kugawanika kwa madzi a Thermochemical kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuti aphwanyire madzi kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya kudzera muzochita zingapo za mankhwala. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa kapena magwero ena otentha kuyendetsa njirayi. Kugawanika kwa madzi a thermochemical kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndipo kumatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, ndikupangitsa kukhala malo ochita kafukufuku wokhazikika kuti apange hydrogen.

6. Nuclear Hydrogen Production

Mphamvu ya nyukiliya imatha kumangidwa kuti ipange haidrojeni kudzera mu electrolysis yotentha kwambiri kapena njira za thermochemical. Mpweya wotentha kwambiri wopangidwa ndi zida za nyukiliya ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu electrolysis ya nthunzi, pomwe kutentha kwa nyukiliya kumatha kuyendetsa madzi a thermochemical madzi. Kupanga mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya haidrojeni kumapereka mwayi wopangira mphamvu zokhazikika komanso zodalirika popanda mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, komanso kumapereka malingaliro okhudza chitetezo ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala.

Pomaliza, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma haidrojeni zimapereka mipata yambiri yokwaniritsa kufunikira kwamphamvu kwamagetsi oyera. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake, ndipo kufufuza kosalekeza ndi zatsopano ndizofunikira pakukonzekera njirazi ndikupita patsogolo pakupanga kosatha kwa haidrojeni. Pamene kuyang'ana kwapadziko lonse pa decarbonization kukuchulukirachulukira, ntchito ya haidrojeni monga chothandizira kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ikuyenera kukhala yodziwika bwino, ndikupangitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga haidrojeni.