Kodi mpweya wa ammonia umasungunuka bwanji?
1. Kodi mpweya wa ammonia umasungunuka bwanji?
Kuthamanga kwakukulu: kutentha kwakukulu kwaammonia mpweyandi 132.4C, kupitirira kutentha kwa mpweya wa ammonia sikophweka kusungunuka. Koma pansi pazovuta kwambiri, ammonia amatha kusungunuka ngakhale pa kutentha pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu. Nthawi zonse, malinga ngati mphamvu ya ammonia ili pamwamba pa 5.6MPa, imatha kusungunuka m'madzi a ammonia.
Kutentha kochepa: Poyerekeza ndi mpweya wina, ammonia ndi yosavuta kusungunuka. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu ndikuti kutentha kwakukulu kwa ammonia kumakhala kochepa. Choncho, ammonia mpweya mosavuta liquefied pa kutentha otsika. Pakuthamanga kwa mlengalenga, kutentha kwa ammonia ndi pafupifupi 33.34 ° C, ndipo kutentha uku, ammonia ali kale mumadzimadzi.
Mumlengalenga kutentha kwambiri, mamolekyu ammonia amaphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi mamolekyu amadzi kuti apange madzi ammonia, omwe ndi njira yamadzimadzi ya ammonia.
Kusasunthika: Kapangidwe ka maselo a mpweya wa ammonia ndi wosavuta, mphamvu pakati pa mamolekyu ndi yofooka, ndipo mpweya wa ammonia ndi wosasunthika kwambiri. Choncho, malinga ngati kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa gasi kumatsitsidwa mokwanira, mpweya wa ammonia ukhoza kusungunuka mosavuta.
2. Chifukwa chiyani ammonia ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya?
Ammonia ndi yocheperako kuposa mpweya. Ngati mphamvu ya molekyulu ya gasi inayake imadziwika, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu ake, mungaone kuchuluka kwake poyerekezera ndi mpweya. Wapakati wachibale molekyulu mpweya mpweya ndi 29. Werengetsani wachibale wake molekyulu. Ngati ndi wamkulu kuposa 29, kachulukidweko ndi kokulirapo kuposa mpweya, ndipo ngati kuli kochepera 29, kachulukidweko kamakhala kocheperako kuposa mpweya.
3. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ammonia ikasiyidwa mumlengalenga?
kuphulika kumachitika.Ammoniamadzi ndi mpweya wopanda colorless ndi fungo lamphamvu irriter ndipo mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi. Ikhoza kuphulika pamene mpweya uli ndi 20% -25% ammonia. Madzi ammonia ndi yankho lamadzi la ammonia. Zogulitsa zamafakitale ndi zamadzimadzi zopanda mtundu komanso zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso zokometsera.
4. Kodi ammonia ndi poizoni wochuluka bwanji mumlengalenga?
Pamene kuchuluka kwa ammonia mumlengalenga ndi 67.2mg/m³, nasopharynx imamva kukwiya; pamene ndende ndi 175 ~ 300mg/m³, mphuno ndi maso mwachiwonekere zimakwiyitsa, ndipo kupuma kwa mtima kumathamanga; pamene ndende ifika 350 ~ 700mg/m³, ogwira ntchito sangathe kugwira ntchito; Pamene ndende ifika 1750 ~ 4000mg/m³, ikhoza kuyika moyo pachiswe.
5. Kodi mpweya wa ammonia umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
1. Limbikitsani kukula kwa zomera: Ammonia ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la nayitrogeni lofunika pakukula kwa zomera, lomwe lingathandize kuti nthaka yachonde chonde komanso kuti zomera zikule bwino.
2. Kupanga feteleza wamankhwala: Ammonia ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Pambuyo pochita zinthu, imatha kupangidwa kukhala ammonia madzi, urea, ammonium nitrate ndi feteleza wina.
3. Refrigerant: Ammonia ali ndi ntchito yabwino ya firiji ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafiriji, zipangizo zopangira firiji ndi minda ina.
4. Chotsukira: Mpweya wa ammonia ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa galasi, malo azitsulo, makhitchini, ndi zina zotero, ndipo uli ndi ntchito zochotseratu, kuchotsa fungo, ndi kutseketsa.
6. Kodi fakitale yopanga ammonia imapanga bwanji ammonia?
1. Kupanga kwa ammonia pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Haber:
N2(g)+3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) △rHθ=-92.4kJ/mol (machitidwe ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, chothandizira)
2. Kupanga kwa ammonia kuchokera ku gasi wachilengedwe: gasi wachilengedwe ndi desulfurized poyamba, kenako amasinthidwa yachiwiri, kenako amadutsa njira monga kutembenuka kwa carbon monoxide ndi kuchotsedwa kwa carbon dioxide, kuti apeze osakaniza a nitrogen-hydrogen, omwe akadali ndi pafupifupi 0,1% mpaka 0,3%. wa carbon monoxide ndi carbon dioxide (volume), atachotsedwa ndi methanation, mpweya woyera wokhala ndi hydrogen-to-nitrogen molar ratio of 3 umapezeka, amene wothinikizidwa ndi kompresa ndi kulowa ammonia kaphatikizidwe dera kupeza mankhwala ammonia. Njira yopangira ammonia pogwiritsa ntchito naphtha ngati zopangira ndizofanana ndi izi.
3. Kupanga kwa ammonia kuchokera ku mafuta olemera: Mafuta olemera amaphatikizapo mafuta otsalira omwe amapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba, ndipo njira yochepetsera makutidwe ndi okosijeni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mpweya wopangira ammonia. Njira yopangira ndi yosavuta kuposa njira yosinthira mpweya wa gasi, koma chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya chimafunika. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi gawo lolekanitsa mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta olemera, ndipo nayitrogeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira ammonia synthesis.
4. Ammonia kupanga kuchokera malasha (coke): malasha mwachindunji gasification (onani malasha gasification) ali njira zosiyanasiyana monga mumlengalenga kuthamanga okhazikika bedi intermittent gasification, pressurized mpweya-nthunzi mosalekeza gasification, etc. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro Haber-Bosch ndondomeko kwa kaphatikizidwe ka ammonia, mpweya ndi nthunzi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira mpweya kuti zigwirizane ndi coke pamagetsi abwinobwino komanso kutentha kwambiri kuti apange mpweya wokhala ndi molar ratio. ya (CO+H2)/N2 ya 3.1 mpaka 3.2, yotchedwa For the semi-water gas. Pambuyo theka-madzi mpweya kutsukidwa ndi dedusted, amapita ku kabati gasi, ndipo pambuyo kusandulika ndi mpweya monoxide, ndi wothinikizidwa kwa anzawo kuthamanga, osambitsidwa ndi psinjika madzi kuchotsa mpweya woipa, ndiyeno wothinikizidwa ndi kompresa. kenako kutsukidwa ndi cuproammonia kuchotsa pang'ono mpweya monoxide ndi mpweya woipa. , ndiyeno kutumizidwa ku kaphatikizidwe ka ammonia.
