Hydrogen, raws li lub zog huv thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam, tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo thaum lub ntiaj teb nrhiav kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov chaw muaj zog ntau dua. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tseem ceeb hauv kev siv lub peev xwm ntawm hydrogen yog txoj kev tsim khoom. Muaj ob pebhom kev tsim tawm hydrogencov txheej txheem, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb zoo thiab kev cov nyom. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm thiab delve rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv.

1. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

Chav methane hloov kho yog txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hydrogen, suav txog kwv yees li 95% ntawm lub ntiaj teb hydrogen mov. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide reacting nrog kub kub los tsim hydrogen thiab carbon monoxide. Cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw yog tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntxiv kom tau txais cov ntshiab hydrogen. SMR tau txais kev pom zoo rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws tsis yog cov txheej txheem carbon-neutral, vim nws ua rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide tso tawm.

2. Electrolysis

Electrolysis yog txheej txheem uas siv hluav taws xob los faib dej rau hauv hydrogen thiab oxygen. Muaj ob hom electrolysis: alkaline electrolysis thiab proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Alkaline electrolysis tau siv rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab paub txog nws txoj kev ntseeg tau, thaum PEM electrolysis tau txais traction vim nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua thiab yooj yim dua. Electrolysis tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hydrogen kom ruaj khov.

3. Biomass Gasification

Biomass gasification suav nrog kev hloov cov khoom siv organic xws li ntoo chips, cov khoom seem ua liaj ua teb, lossis pov tseg rau hauv cov roj hluavtaws (syngas) los ntawm cov txheej txheem thermochemical. Cov syngas tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tsim tau hydrogen. Biomass gasification muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom pov tseg cov organic thiab tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev thaum tswj kom ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog kev muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov nyom logistical.

4. Photobiological Dej Splitting

Txoj hauv kev tshiab no siv cov kab mob photosynthetic lossis cov kab mob uas tau tsim los siv rau hnub ci thiab hloov dej rau hauv hydrogen thiab oxygen. Thaum tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, photobiological dej splitting tuav cov lus cog tseg rau sustainable thiab txuas ntxiv hydrogen ntau lawm. Kev tshawb fawb hauv daim teb no tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem kom nws ua lag luam.

5. Thermochemical Dej Spliting

Kev sib cais ntawm cov dej thermochemical suav nrog kev siv qhov kub thiab txias los ua kom cov dej nkag mus rau hauv hydrogen thiab oxygen los ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txoj kev no feem ntau siv cov hnub ci zog los yog lwm qhov chaw cua sov los tsav cov txheej txheem. Thermochemical water splitting muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, ua rau thaj tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb nquag rau kev tsim cov hydrogen.

6. Nuclear Hydrogen ntau lawm

Nuclear zog tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov hydrogen los ntawm kev kub kub electrolysis lossis cov txheej txheem thermochemical. Cov chav kub kub uas tsim los ntawm nuclear reactors tuaj yeem siv rau hauv chav electrolysis, thaum nuclear cua sov tuaj yeem tsav cov dej thermochemical. Nuclear hydrogen ntau lawm muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo ib yam thiab txhim khu kev qha yam tsis muaj cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom, tab sis nws kuj nce kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj cov khib nyiab.

Hauv kev xaus, ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau loj hlob rau lub zog huv. Txhua txoj hauv kev nthuav tawm nws tus kheej cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov teeb meem, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem no thiab nce mus rau kev tsim cov hydrogen kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntsuas. Raws li lub ntiaj teb no tsom mus rau decarbonization intensifies, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm hydrogen raws li ib tug tseem ceeb enabler ntawm huv si zog hloov yog teem mus ua ib tug tseem ceeb, tsav tsheb ntxiv kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv hydrogen ntau lawm technologies.