Hydrogen, a matsayin mai tsabta kuma mai ɗaukar makamashi mai yawa, ya sami kulawa sosai yayin da duniya ke ƙoƙarin yin sauye-sauye zuwa hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai dorewa. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman la'akari don amfani da yuwuwar hydrogen shine hanyar samarwa. Akwai da yawanau'ikan samar da hydrogentsari, kowanne yana da fa'ida da kalubale na musamman. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da hydrogen da kuma zurfafa cikin halayensu.

1. Gyara Methane na Steam (SMR)

Gyaran methane na tururi shine mafi yawan hanyar samar da hydrogen, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 95% na iskar hydrogen a duniya. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi amsa iskar gas tare da tururi mai zafi don samar da hydrogen da carbon monoxide. Daga nan sai a kara sarrafa abin da ya haifar don samun hydrogen mai tsafta. An fi son SMR don dacewa da ƙimarsa, amma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba tsarin tsaka-tsakin carbon ba ne, saboda yana haifar da sakin carbon dioxide.

2. Electrolysis

Electrolysis wani tsari ne da ke amfani da wutar lantarki don raba ruwa zuwa hydrogen da oxygen. Akwai manyan nau'ikan electrolysis guda biyu: alkaline electrolysis da proton musayar membrane (PEM) electrolysis. An yi amfani da electrolysis na alkaline shekaru da yawa kuma an san shi don amincinsa, yayin da PEM electrolysis ke samun karfin jiki saboda yuwuwar sa mafi girma da kuma sassauci. Ana iya yin amfani da Electrolysis ta hanyar samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, yana mai da shi babban mai fafutuka don samar da hydrogen mai dorewa.

3. Biomass Gasification

Gas ɗin biomass ya haɗa da canza kayan halitta kamar guntun itace, ragowar aikin gona, ko sharar gida zuwa iskar gas (syngas) ta hanyar tsarin thermochemical. Ana iya sake fasalin syngas don samar da hydrogen. Gas ɗin biomass yana ba da fa'idar yin amfani da kayan sharar gida kuma yana iya ba da gudummawa don rage hayakin iskar gas lokacin da aka sarrafa shi da ƙarfi. Koyaya, yana buƙatar yin la'akari sosai game da wadatar kayan abinci da ƙalubalen kayan aiki.

4. Rarraba Ruwan Hoto

Wannan sabuwar dabarar tana amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na photoynthetic ko ƙwayoyin cuta da aka ƙera don amfani da hasken rana da canza ruwa zuwa hydrogen da oxygen. Duk da yake har yanzu a farkon matakan haɓakawa, rarrabuwar ruwan hoto na ɗaukar alƙawarin samar da hydrogen mai dorewa da sabuntawa. Bincike a cikin wannan filin yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka inganci da haɓakar tsari don sanya shi kasuwanci.

5. Rarraba Ruwan Thermochemical

Rarraba ruwa na thermochemical ya haɗa da yin amfani da yanayin zafi mai zafi don rushe ruwa zuwa hydrogen da oxygen ta jerin halayen sinadarai. Wannan hanyar sau da yawa tana amfani da ƙarfin hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko wasu hanyoyin zafi don fitar da tsarin. Rarraba ruwa na thermochemical yana da yuwuwar haɗawa da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa kuma yana iya ci gaba da aiki, yana mai da shi yanki na bincike mai ƙarfi don samar da hydrogen mai dorewa.

6. Samuwar Hydrogen Nukiliya

Ana iya amfani da makamashin nukiliya don samar da hydrogen ta hanyar lantarki mai zafi mai zafi ko matakan thermochemical. Za a iya amfani da tururi mai zafi da injinan nukiliya ke samarwa a cikin wutar lantarki, yayin da zafin nukiliya zai iya haifar da tsagawar ruwa na thermochemical. Samar da hydrogen na nukiliya yana ba da fa'idar samar da wutar lantarki mai daidaito kuma abin dogaro ba tare da fitar da iskar gas ba, amma kuma yana haifar da la'akari game da aminci da sarrafa sharar gida.

A ƙarshe, hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da hydrogen suna ba da damammaki masu yawa don saduwa da karuwar bukatar makamashi mai tsabta. Kowace hanya tana gabatar da nata fa'idodi da ƙalubalen, kuma ci gaba da bincike da ƙirƙira suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka waɗannan hanyoyin da ci gaba zuwa samar da hydrogen mai dorewa a sikelin. Yayin da duniya mai da hankali kan ƙaddamar da iskar gas ke ƙaruwa, rawar hydrogen a matsayin babban mai ba da damar sauya makamashi mai tsafta an saita shi don zama sananne, yana haifar da ci gaba a cikin fasahar samar da hydrogen.